Saturday, February 1, 2020
Cranialfacial reconstruction - pre op surgical technologist tech Research Paper
Cranialfacial reconstruction - pre op surgical technologist tech - Research Paper Example In such cases, the reconstruction is carried out immediately once the problem is analyzed. The need for craniofacial reconstruction depends on the complexity of the patient. The other situations may arise when the patient has met with an accident where the facial bones or skull is broken. In certain cases it may be done to reconstruct the facial and skull bones for cancer patients if they have undergone any bone removal during cancer treatment. Another possibility of facial reconstruction is when the patient suffers from cleft lip disorder. (Hardt, 2007).In this case, the patientââ¬â¢s bones of the upper lip do not fuse properly with that of the lower lip. In any case, this option is preferred only if the patientââ¬â¢s skull or face cannot be modified using any other surgery. It is done to modify a childââ¬â¢s skull if the child is detected with abnormalities during the birth. The abnormalities may be due to genetic problems or disorders. This surgery is done keeping in mind the future problems and issues. Depending on the growth of bone, the original bone must be restructured. Since craniofacial surgery involves more risk, doctors opt for it only when there is no other way to treat the patient. Craniofacial reconstruction involves various pre-operative procedures. The reconstruction surgery is done based on these reports. The initial step in the pre-operative process is skull examination. This is done based on the x-ray and scan report of the patientââ¬â¢s skull. The patientââ¬â¢s skull is examined to analyze its shape and dimensions. (Barone, 2004).This helps in easy reconstruction of the damaged skull. Once the skull is examined, the reconstruction plan is implemented. In the reconstruction plan, the dental and facial structures are analyzed. The next step is to match the tissues of the patient. The tissues are tested and then selected in equivalence with the patientââ¬â¢s skull and facial tissues. This will ensure that the
Friday, January 24, 2020
The Holocaust and the Cambodian Genocide: Similar or different? How ab
Evil doesnââ¬â¢t even begin to cover it. The mass murder of millions of people. The complete obliteration of an entire society. Each and every genocide has the same core principles, but a distinct face. A dictator takes over a weak country with promises of returning it to its former glory, once he has everyoneââ¬â¢s support, he implements extremely discriminatory laws and finds reasons to kill anyone who dares oppose him. The Holocaust and the Cambodian genocides are remarkably similar, and yet strikingly different. The Holocaust was an attempt to wipe out all Jews and other minorities such as gypsies and handicapped people. The Cambodian genocide, led by Pol Pot and the Khmer Rouge, was in some ways a mirror image of the Holocaust, but it happened forty-two years later. On the other hand, there are many more that one distinction that sets Cambodia apart from all other genocides. Although the two genocides are quite different at a first glance, they are interestingly similar upon deeper inspection. For starters, the Holocaust is best known for itââ¬â¢s brutal and inhumane treatment of prisoners, such as tattooing a number on their arm against their will and feeding them food that is not even fit for dogs to consume (ââ¬Å"Holocaustâ⬠). It may be shocking for some people to hear that in Cambodia, it was just as atrocious, maybe even worse. During the Khmer Rouge takeover in 1975 most Cambodians were forced to leave their homes on such short notice that numerous families were killed on cite for not evacuating quickly enough. Those ââ¬Ëluckyââ¬â¢ enough to escape immediate death were forced to work, unpaid, in labor camps until the fatigue wore down their immune system and they died of some wretched disease (ââ¬Å"Genocideâ⬠). Another intriguing similarity betw... .../www.yale.edu/cgp/chron.html>. "Eight Stages of Genocides." Genocides and Conflicts. William Mitchell College of Law, 2012. Web. 15 Apr. 2014. . "Genocide- Cambodia." Talking About Genocide - Genocides. Peace Pledge Union, n.d. Web. 15 Apr. 2014. . ââ¬Å"Holocaust, 1933-1945, Theâ⬠World Without Genocide. William Mitchell College of Law, 2013. Web. 15 Apr. 2014. . January, Brendan. Genocide: Modern Crimes Against Humanity. Minneapolis: Twenty-First Century Books, 2007. Print. Walker, Luke. "Cambodian Genocide." World Without Genocide. William Mitchell College of Law, 2012. Web. 15 Apr. 2014. .
Thursday, January 16, 2020
Nike as a Multinational Company
Nike is one of the largest athletic shoe brands in the world and sells millions of shoes and clothing each year. The company was founded on January 25, 1964 by a University of Oregon track athlete Philip Knight and his coach Bill Bowermanas. It was first named Blue Ribbon Sports and it officially became Nike, Inc. on May 30, 1978 (Nike). As a multinational company, it operates retail stores domestically and overseas and all of the products it sells are manufactured by independent contractors located predominantly in foreign countries.Nike first entered the international market through China overcoming the many challenges it faced while trying to do business with them. Nike is also listed as one of the 226 companies recognized for sustainability efforts on the Dow Jones Sustainability Index. Beyond the CERES principles, Nike has recently been investigating options for improving its energy efficiency. By certifying all of its new buildings in Oregon with ââ¬ËEarth Advantage', Nike h as been able to save more than two million kilowatt-hours and over 2,000 therms of natural gas. This has translated into a total saving of $100,000 for the company.Nike's plans for the future include: â⬠¢A continued effort to eliminate PVC in its products; â⬠¢The ââ¬ËReuse a Shoe' programme which, since its inception, has enabled some 13 million pairs of athletic shoes to be recycled; â⬠¢Working with organic cotton farmers to create a larger market for their cotton: Nike's use of organic cotton has been climbing each year since 1997, and it has a goal of 3% organic cotton use in every unit of the company by 2010; â⬠¢Reducing emissions at factories worldwide and encouraging the adoption of environmental management systems in each plant;A major challenges that still faces Nike is the monitoring of labour conditions in the factories operated by its many overseas suppliers. The company has been commended for its openness in admitting to unacceptable practices, and its challenge now is to eliminate them.
Wednesday, January 8, 2020
The Constitution In The Codified - Free Essay Example
Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1824 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Essay any type Did you like this example? The constitution in the codified, or widely known as written form is said to promise entrenched liberties compared to the unwritten constitution. No amending powers can affect the stipulated status if the fundamental rights of citizen. However, it is indeed theoretical in nature when we have clear examples of the violation of citizens right in the constitution of Malaysia and Singapore. Donââ¬â¢t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Constitution In The Codified" essay for you Create order Both countries codify their constitution. Yet, the citizens do not enjoy the full privilege of being free. On the other hand, countries like the United Kingdom is classified with having an unwritten constitution which implies that the country practices parliamentary supremacy instead of constitutional sovereignty as in Malaysia and Singapore. Still, their fundamental rights are so entrenched moreover with the existence of the European Court of Human Rights Convention. It cannot be denied that liberties stipulated in an unwritten constitution do pose a danger as the rights of the citizens could be revoked anytime of the day but it has been proven in some countries that the fundamental rights of the citizens will never be touched under any circumstances. Nevertheless, it is not all written constitutions that restrict the liberties of citizens. The United States of America places utmost priority to the liberties that must be granted to the citizens no matter what. It is considered an outrage to the fundamental beliefs that is the foundation of the constitution in America. Of course much has been debated about the different values upheld by the eastern and western countries in the formation of the constitution. In the West, the rights of a human being are paramount whereas in the East, the welfare of the society is placed above the rights of an individual. Now when we say that the Malaysian constitution actually poses tight restriction to the fundamental liberties of a citizen, we are referring to provisions like Article 149 and 150, besides Acts enacted for instance the Internal Security Act 1960. Shad Saleem Faruqi has divided the restrictions on the fundamental liberties in the Federal Constitution namely, ordinary legislation enacted under the authority of the constitutional provision granting the right may impose, provisions on subversion may curtail fundamental liberties, fundamental rights except freedom of religion may be suspended under any legislati on enacted to battle emergency and rights conferred by the basic law is in danger of being abolished or curtailed under constitutional amendments. Till today, Malaysia is still under four emergency declarations many laws have been enacted under this provision. The four emergency declarations are the Indonesian Confrontation 1964, political crisis in Sarawak only (1966), racial riot in 1969 and political crisis in Kelantan only in 1977. None of these declarations have been removed or annulled. We must be aware of the fundamental liberties stipulated under Part 2 of the Federal Constitution of Malaysia namely Article 5 on the liberty of a person, Article 6 on the prohibition of slavery and forced labour, protection against retrospective criminal laws and repeated trials in Article 7, equality in Article 8, freedom of movement in Article 9, freedom of speech, assembly and association in Article 10, Article 11 on the freedom of religion, rights to education in Article 12 and Article 13 on the rights to property. As it is, the only articles that have no restrictions on it is Article 6 on the prohibition of slavery and forced labour, Article 7, 8 and 12. It is indeed frustrating in the legal and judicial sense that we are not allowed to mature in our fundamental liberties. Before, it was expressed in the provisions that such restrictions are subjected to judicial review but after some amendments in the 1960s, judges are only allowed to review on the procedural rather than the substantive elements brought forward by the provisions concerned. In Madhavan Nair v PP [1975] 2 MLJ 264: The Malaysian High Court had declared that the use of subjective words in article 10(2) like necessary or expedient rendered it not within the competency of the courts to question the necessity or expediency of the legislative provision. The judiciary has been appointed an important role of reconciling the conflicting demands between the fundamental liberties of the citizens and the resp onsibilities of the state whereby the court can remedy the violation of the rights of citizens through the writ of habeas corpus, mandamus, certiori and others. Tun Suffian in Re Datuk James Wong Kim Min observed that The laws affect the liberty of the subject and in the case of doubt or ambiguity; they should be interpreted against the authority and in favour of the citizen. Raja Azlan Shah declared in Pengarah Tanah Galian, WP v Sri Lempah Enterprise Sdn Bhd : Unfettered discretion is a contradiction in termsÃÆ'à ¢Ã ¢Ã¢â¬Å¡Ã ¬Ãâà ¦ Every legal power must have legal limits, otherwise there is dictatorship. The Courts are the only defence of the liberty of the subject against departmental aggression. In these days when government departments and public authorities have such great powers and influence, this is a most important safeguard for the citizen; so that the courts can see that these great powers and influence are exercised in accordance with law. With regard to t he above, it is vital that the legislators make serious amendments to the provision s of the constitution to relieve the citizens of the bondage of restriction that prevents the fulfilment of the ideology of constitutionalism. Next, we look upon briefly on the Constitution of Singapore. The Constitution of Singapore is the grundnorm of the land. It stipulates the fundamental principles and framework for the Executive, the Legislative and the Judiciary the three organs of the state. The constitution cannot be amended without the approval of more than two-thirds of the members of the parliament on the second and third readings. The fundamental liberties of Sigapore citizens are provided in Part IV of the Constitution namely liberty of the person, prohibition of slavery and forced labour, protection against retrospective criminal laws and repeated trials, equal protection under the law, prohibition of banishment and freedom of movement, freedom of speech, assembly and associatio n, freedom of religion and rights to education. It is noticed that the provisions on the fundamental liberties in the Constitution if Singapore has similarities to that of the Federal Constitution of Malaysia. We can see that especially in the provision for liberty of person wherein the citizen is granted liberty to life saves in accordance to law. Isnt this an insult to the natural freedom blessed upon a human being? This implies that the government has every right to invoke restrictions on the liberty of a person as it deemed fits. Further restrictions on the fundamental rights of a Singapore citizen can be studied as in the table below. Apparently, the citizens of Singapore enjoy very much limited freedom compared to their neighbour, Malaysia. FUNDAMENTAL LIBERTIES RESTRICTIONS Liberties of a person Penal Code Internal security Act Criminal Law [Temporary Provision] Act Criminal proceduce Code Misuse of Drugs Act ** Death Penalty No slavery and force d labour Enlistment Act Prisons Act Criminal Law [Temporary Provision] Act No retrospective criminal laws and repeated trials Equality Policy on restricting marriages between Singapore citizens and work permit holders. No banishment Banishment Act Immigration Act Internal Security Act Passports Act National Registration Act Freedom of movement Housing policy on ethnic eligibility Freedom of speech, assembly and association Sedition Act Undesirable Publications Act Newspaper and Printing Presses Act Penal Code Internal Security Act Public entertainment Act Trade Unions Act Societies Act Mutual Benefit Organization Act Rules and regulations on Speakers Corner Right to lawyer Restricted by economic status of an individual Freedom of religion Religious harmony Act Right to education Policies on admission of children to schools eg. sterilization and educational achievements of parents The fundamental l iberties of a human being are essential to the United States of America. It is the duty of the government to uphold the rights as conferred in the constitution. The citizens of America believe staunchly that the stipulation of rights in the constitution without restrictions is vital for the growth and maturity of a democratic society. The concept practiced in America is vastly different from that in Malaysia and Singapore as in the United States of America prioritize the rights of the citizen above the government compared to the Asian countries. Examples like freedom of communication, freedom of thoughts, freedom to obtain knowledge etc, shows the level of maturity that differs between the countries mentioned. Of course the constitution of America does impose restrictions that is deem logically necessary to maintain the peace of the public. Another comparison that is clear cut is between the Internal Security Act 1960 of Malaysia and the Patriot Act 2001 of the United States of Amer ica. Below we could see the comparison between these two pieces of legislation. Name Malaysia Internal Security Act 1960 USA Patriot Act 2001 Purpose To provide for the internal security of Malaysia, preventive detention, the prevention of subversion, the suppression of organised violence against persons and property in specified areas of Malaysia, and for matters incidental thereto. To deter and punish terrorist acts in the United States and around the world, to enhance law enforcement investigatory tools, and for other purposes Applicability Applicable to all persons. (Both citizens and non-citizens) Applicable to alien (Non-US citizens only). Judicial Review Judicial review is restricted. Section 8B and 8C severely limit the courts ability to inquire into the legality of a detention except on questions of compliance with procedures. Judicial review in terms of habeas corpus proceedings is provided by the Act. Detention period Section 7 3 allows the police to detain for 60 days any person who may act in a manner prejudicial to the security of Malaysia.The Home Minister may authorize indefinite detention renewable every two years ad infinitum. Ãâ The Act allows 7 days detention after which he AG should initiate deportation proceedings, press charges or otherwise release the detainee. There is provision provided for the person to be detained for up to six months. The Court ruled that Attorney General is authorized to detain aliens as long as removal is reasonably foreseeable. Restricted conditions after released Those released before the end of their detention period are subject to imposed restricted conditionsfor the remainder of their detention periods. These conditions limited their rights to freedom of speech, association, and travel outside the country Either deportation or let free. No restricted conditions after released. Report to Parliament No equivalent provisions. Every 6 months, the Attorney General shall submit a report to the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives and the Senate, with respect to the reporting period, the details of the detainees and the grounds for the detention. Review The Advisory Board shall review the detention every 2 years. The Attorney General shall review the detention every 6 months Sunset Provision No equivalent provisions The Act shall cease to have effect on Dec 31, 2005. We see from this classic example of the differences between the liberties granted by two countries from the east and west respectively. Consequently, it is vital for Malaysia to make serious amendments to uphold the liberties of the citizen with respect to the idealism of constitutionalism. Ãâ
Tuesday, December 31, 2019
Corporate Governance and Social Responsibility in Business...
1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2.0 INTRODUCTION TO CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY As a result of modern corporate scandals and rapid development of international business environments, social responsibility (SR) has become a key aspect of corporate competitive contexts. (Brammer, Williams and Zinkin, 2007). Businesses are under increasing pressure to incorporate SR amongst their profit-driven aims and have become increasingly accountable for their social and environmental actions. Increased interest in CSR developed in the mid 1990s as consumers began to lack their former trust in companies due to both environmental and financial scandals and it became noticeable that society was moving towards values incorporating harmony,â⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦(Smith, 2003) The Body Shop International (BSI) can be described as a company that uses a strategy attempting to link its social and moral values with profit gains. (Beck Dudley Heartman, 1999) Founded in England in 1976 by Anita Roddick, BSI is a global manufacturer and retailer of more than 1,2000 beauty and cosmetic products sold in over 60 countries. (Body Shop International Values Report). Since its opening, BSI has received more attention regarding their ethical values compared to their product line and sales. However, the companyââ¬â¢s stance to be ethical and community minded have been largely criticized by the public. (Entine, Utne, 1995). Some critics and theorists view Social responsibility as a mere profit gaining scheme as the statement of being ââ¬Ësocially responsibleââ¬â¢ and the implementation of it being completely separate entities. The need for international companies to be aware of social responsibility and corporate governance practices is of increasing importance in todayââ¬â¢s society for economic, social, legal and technological reasons. 3.1 ECONOMIC Research has shown that the implementation of SR and CG practices can result in a increase in firm value. The Organisation for Economic Development state that corporate governance is one important factor in improving both economic efficiency and increasing shareholder confidence. A study by Cui et al (2007) showed that companies with better corporate governance structuresShow MoreRelatedAccountability Is An Essential Ingredient Of Corporate Governance1242 Words à |à 5 PagesAbstract Accountability is an essential ingredient of corporate governance, and indeed is the reason for any corporate governance set up. 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It is through the understanding the relationship between corporate governance and business ethics, evaluating the ASX principles as a guidelines to corporate governance and analyzingRead MoreEffective Governance And Sustainability : An Definition Of Sustainable Development1398 Words à |à 6 PagesEffective governance and sustainability are increasingly important considerations for governments, organizations, business leaders, investors, consumers and many other stakeholders throughout the world. Good corporate governance and complexity of sustainable development demands for global cooperation, based mainly on joint co-ordination of strategies and adopting of the be st decisions. 1.1 Definition of sustainable Development: the term sustainable development was popularized in our common futureRead MoreThe Importance Of A Good Corporate Governance Framework1680 Words à |à 7 Pageswhy a good corporate governance framework must incorporate stakeholder accountability. For the purpose of this paper, the term stakeholder governance will be used to incorporate all aspects of stakeholder accountability and engagement, that is; dialogue, decision making, transparent operations and implementation of solutions to common problems or goals. The first part of this paper will describe how the landscape has changed for business operations due to environmental, economic and social reasonsRead MoreMilton Friedman s Philosophy Of Corporate Responsibility1317 Words à |à 6 PagesFriedmanââ¬â¢s philosophy of corporate responsibility is that ââ¬Å"social matters are not the concern of business people and that these problems should be resolved by the unfettered workings of the free market systemâ⬠. As harsh as it may sound, what he mean course to say was that a business has ââ¬Å"to make as much money as possible while conforming to basic rules of societyâ⬠. Meanwhile, Archie Carrollââ¬â¢s philosophy states that a business has ââ¬Å"four kinds of social responsibilitiesâ⬠that a firm must addressRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility Of India Essay1669 Words à |à 7 Pages CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN INDIA ââ¬Å"Crossing the Bridge from Knowing to doingâ⬠Jasleen Kaur Luthra* ââ¬Å"Successful people have a social responsibility to make the world a better place and not just take from it.â⬠Carie Underwood Abstract The 21st century is characterized by unprecedented challenges and opportunities, arising from globalization, the desire forRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility : Csr1232 Words à |à 5 PagesCorporate social responsibility has become a buzzword within the industry in the last few years. Following the financial market crash investors and stakeholders began looking at corporations to act more socially responsible. The meaning of social responsibility differs across regions. Western countries are the ones who are pushing for corporate social responsibility -thesis-- A broad overview at corporate social responsibility (CSR) looks to corporations to make a change in the society or the environment
Monday, December 23, 2019
Essay on George Washingtons Pesidency - 1178 Words
George Washingtons Presidency George Washington is regarded as a natural leader and the father of our country. He was the first president under the Constitution, not the first president of the United States. From the very beginning, he came into a job full of problems and a mile long to-do list. He had to set up the Judiciary Branch, deal with uprisings and conflicts between the natives and the western settlers, and try to keep together a nation that was falling apart. He created a group of advisors (the cabinet) to help him with certain issues. He had a few things on his mind at the time such as: stay out of a war, build up revenue to pay off Revolutionary War debt, and try to make peace with England. Washington was a naturalâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦The Judiciary Act of 1789 established a six member supreme court. It was comprised of one Chief Justice and five Associate Justices. It had jurisdiction over all civil actions between states, or between a state and the United States. Also in the act it created thirteen Judicial Districts. Within these Judicial Districts were circuit courts and district courts. After finishing the Judicial Branch, Washington finally got time to create the Executive Branch. The first offices created were the Secretary of the State, (headed by Thomas Jefferson) the Secretary of the Treasury, (headed by Alexander Hamilton) the Secretary of War, (headed by Henry Knox) the Postmaster General, (headed by Samuel Osgood) and the Attorney General (headed by Edmund Randolph). These offices became the backbone for the Presidential Cabinet. On July 27, 1789, Washington signed a bill into law reauthorizing an Executive Department of Foreign Affairs headed by a Secretary of Foreign Affairs. Washington was the major player to the creation of the United States Government under the constitution. He did more in his first months in office than any other president so far. He was the best man for the job and the only man. There is no way that anyone can do as much for the government as Washington did so. He did a great job of setting up other courts around the
Saturday, December 14, 2019
Becomin a Dentist Assistant Free Essays
Dental assistants work closely with, and under the supervision of, dentists. (See the statement on dentists elsewhere in the Handbook. ) Assistants perform a variety of patient care, office, and laboratory duties. We will write a custom essay sample on Becomin a Dentist Assistant or any similar topic only for you Order Now Dental assistants should not be confused with dental hygienists, who are licensed to perform different clinical tasks. (See the statement on dental hygienists elsewhere in the Handbook. ) Dental assistants sterilize and disinfect instruments and equipment, prepare and lay out the instruments and materials required to treat each patient, and obtain patientsââ¬â¢ dental records. Assistants make patients as comfortable as possible in the dental chair and prepare them for treatment. During dental procedures, assistants work alongside the dentist to provide assistance. They hand instruments and materials to dentists and keep patientsââ¬â¢ mouths dry and clear by using suction or other devices. They also instruct patients on postoperative and general oral health care. Dental assistants may prepare materials for impressions and restorations, take dental x rays, and process x-ray film as directed by a dentist. They also may remove sutures, apply topical anesthetics to gums or cavity-preventive agents to teeth, remove excess cement used in the filling process, and place rubber dams on the teeth to isolate them for individual treatment. Some States are expanding dental assistantsââ¬â¢ duties to include tasks such as coronal polishing and restorative dentistry functions for those assistants that meet specific training and experience requirements. Dental assistants with laboratory duties make casts of the teeth and mouth from impressions, clean and polish removable appliances, and make temporary crowns. Those with office duties schedule and confirm appointments, receive patients, keep treatment records, send bills, receive payments, and order dental supplies and materials. Work environment. Dental assistants work in a well-lighted, clean environment. Their work area usually is near the dental chair so that they can arrange instruments, materials, and medication and hand them to the dentist when needed. Dental assistants must wear gloves, masks, eyewear, and protective clothing to protect themselves and their patients from infectious diseases. Assistants also follow safety procedures to minimize the risks associated with the use of x-ray machines. About half of dental assistants have a 35- to 40-hour workweek. Most of the rest work part-time or have variable schedules. Depending on the hours of the dental office where they work, assistants may have to work on Saturdays or evenings. Some dental assistants hold multiple jobs by working at dental offices that are open on different days or scheduling their work at a second office around the hours they work at their primary office. Training, Other Qualifications, and Advancement [About this section] Back to Top Back to Top Many assistants learn their skills on the job, although an increasing number are trained in dental-assisting programs offered by community and junior colleges, trade schools, technical institutes, or the Armed Forces. Education and training. High school students interested in a career as a dental assistant should take courses in biology, chemistry, health, and office practices. For those wishing to pursue further education, the Commission on Dental Accreditation within the American Dental Association (ADA) approved 269 dental-assisting training programs in 2006. Programs include classroom, laboratory, and preclinical instruction in dental-assisting skills and related theory. In addition, students gain practical experience in dental schools, clinics, or dental offices. Most programs take 1 year or less to complete and lead to a certificate or diploma. Two-year programs offered in community and junior colleges lead to an associate degree. All programs require a high school diploma or its equivalent, and some require science or computer-related courses for admission. A number of private vocational schools offer 4- to 6-month courses in dental assisting, but the Commission on Dental Accreditation does not accredit these programs. A large number of dental assistants learn through on-the-job training. In these situations, the employing dentist or other dental assistants in the dental office teach the new assistant dental terminology, the names of the instruments, how to perform daily duties, how to interact with patients, and other things necessary to help keep the dental office running smoothly. While some things can be picked up easily, it may be a few months before new dental assistants are completely knowledgeable about their duties and comfortable doing all of their tasks without assistance. A period of on-the-job training is often required even for those that have completed a dental-assisting program or have some previous experience. Different dentists may have their own styles of doing things that need to be learned before an assistant can be comfortable working with them. Office-specific information, such as where files are kept, will need to be learned at each new job. Also, as dental technology changes, dental assistants need to stay familiar with the tools and procedures that they will be using or helping dentists to use. On-the-job training is often sufficient to keep assistants up-to-date on these matters. Licensure. Most States regulate the duties that dental assistants are allowed to perform. Some States require licensure or registration, which may include passing a written or practical examination. There are a variety of schools offering coursesââ¬âapproximately 10 to 12 months in lengthââ¬âthat meet their Stateââ¬â¢s requirements. Other States require dental assistants to complete State-approved education courses of 4 to 12 hours in length. Some States offer registration of other dental assisting credentials with little or no education required. Some States require continuing education to maintain licensure or registration. A few States allow dental assistants to perform any function delegated to them by the dentist. Individual States have adopted different standards for dental assistants who perform certain advanced duties. In some States, for example, dental assistants who perform radiological procedures must complete additional training. Completion of the Radiation Health and Safety examination offered by Dental Assisting National Board (DANB) meets the standards in more than 30 States. Some States require completion of a State-approved course in radiology as well. Certification and other qualifications. Certification is available through the Dental Assisting National Board (DANB) and is recognized or required in more than 30 States. Certification is an acknowledgment of an assistantââ¬â¢s qualifications and professional competence and may be an asset when one is seeking employment. Candidates may qualify to take the DANB certification examination by graduating from an ADA-accredited dental assisting education program or by having 2 years of full-time, or 4 years of part-time, experience as a dental assistant. In addition, applicants must have current certification in cardiopulmonary resuscitation. For annual recertification, individuals must earn continuing education credits. Other organizations offer registration, most often at the State level. Dental assistants must be a second pair of hands for a dentist; therefore, dentists look for people who are reliable, work well with others, and have good manual dexterity. Advancement. Without further education, advancement opportunities are limited. Some dental assistants become office managers, dental-assisting instructors, dental product sales representatives, or insurance claims processors for dental insurance companies. Others go back to school to become dental hygienists. For many, this entry-level occupation provides basic training and experience and serves as a steppingstone to more highly skilled and higher paying jobs. Employment [About this section] Back to Top Back to Top Dental assistants held about 280,000 jobs in 2006. Almost all jobs for dental assistants were in offices of dentists. A small number of jobs were in the Federal, State, and local governments or in offices of physicians. About 35 percent of dental assistants worked part time, sometimes in more than one dental office. Job Outlook [About this section] Back to Top Back to Top Employment is expected to increase much faster than average; job prospects are expected to be excellent. Employment change. Employment is expected to grow 29 percent from 2006 to 2016, which is much faster than the average for all occupations. In fact, dental assistants are expected to be among the fastest growing occupations over the 2006-16 projection period. Population growth, greater retention of natural teeth by middle-aged and older people, and an increased focus on preventative dental care for younger generations will fuel demand for dental services. Older dentists, who have been less likely to employ assistants or have employed fewer, are leaving the occupation and will be replaced by recent graduates, who are more likely to use one or more assistants. In addition, as dentistsââ¬â¢ workloads increase, they are expected to hire more assistants to perform routine tasks, so that they may devote their own time to more complex procedures. Job prospects. Job prospects for dental assistants should be excellent. In addition to job openings due to employment growth, numerous job openings will arise out of the need to replace assistants who transfer to other occupations, retire, or leave for other reasons. Many opportunities for entry-level positions offer on-the-job training, but some dentists prefer to hire experienced assistants or those who have completed a dental-assisting program. How to cite Becomin a Dentist Assistant, Papers
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